Abstract
Global degradation and the collapse of valuable coastal ecosystems has resulted in major efforts to reestablish ecosystem engineering species that provide valuable services like ecosystem-based coastal defense (EBCD). However, conditional outcomes of ecosystem engineering effects make it hard to predict the services provided by such restored systems. In this study we focused on reefs constructed with Crassostrea gigas shells on a sand nourishment at the Oesterdam, in the Oosterschelde tidal bay in the Netherlands. We investigated how the environmental setting, waves and currents, influence sediment stabilisation, as well as oyster spat recruitment and the development of associated biodiversity.
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