Construct validity of the Cigarette Ratings Scale and associations with tobacco use and product feature outcomes

Abstract

BackgroundSubjective ratings are inconsistently associated with behavioral outcomes such as tobacco use and there is no current standard. The Cigarette Ratings Scale is an ideal measure for further evaluation because it has been widely used in tobacco regulatory science and tobacco industry research. PurposeThis study investigated the construct validity of the Cigarette Ratings Scale and associations with tobacco use and product feature outcomes. MethodsUsing secondary analysis of baseline data from five research trials, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis in one sample and validated the factor solution in a second sample. We then examined the relationship of the averaged subscales with tobacco outcomes and cigarette product features among current adult cigarette smokers (N = 752) who smoked ≥ 5 cigarettes daily for ≥ 5 years. ResultsThe results supported a three-factor solution: 1. Product harshness evaluation, 2. Smoking satisfaction, and 3. Positive sensory experience. Multivariable general linear models indicated that cigarettes per day was associated with a lower harshness rating b = −0.29 (95% CI: −0.51, −0.07) and higher positive sensory experience b = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.56). FTND average dependence scores were associated with a more positive sensory experience b = 1.08 (95% CI: 0.28, 1.89). CO boost was associated with smoking satisfaction b = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.30, 1.26). ConclusionsThe Cigarette Ratings Scale subscales were primarily associated with behavioral outcomes, biological exposure, and nicotine dependence. This can help addiction efforts to determine how subjective evaluations of tobacco products relate to use behaviors.