Constraints on Water Reservoir Lifetimes From Catchment‐Wide 10Be Erosion Rates—A Case Study From Western Turkey

Abstract

AbstractThe functionality and retention capacity of water reservoirs is generally impaired by upstream erosion and reservoir sedimentation, making a reliable assessment of erosion indispensable to estimate reservoir lifetimes. Widely used river gauging methods may underestimate sediment yield, because they do not record rare, high‐magnitude events and may underestimate bed load transport. Hence, reservoir lifetimes calculated from short‐term erosion rates should be regarded as maximum values. We propose that erosion rates from cosmogenic 10Be, which commonly integrate over hundreds to thousands of years, are useful to complement short‐term sediment yield estimates and should be employed to estimate minimum reservoir lifetimes. Here we present 10Be erosion rates for the drainage basins of six water reservoirs in Western Turkey, which are located in a tectonically active region with easily erodible bedrock. Our 10Be erosion rates for these catchments are high, ranging from ∼170 to ∼1,040 t/km2/yr. When linked to reservoir volumes, they yield minimum reservoir lifetimes between 25 ± 5 and 1,650 ± 360 years until complete filling, with four reservoirs having minimum lifespans of ≤110 years. In a neighboring region with more resistant bedrock and less tectonic activity, we obtain much lower catchment‐wide 10Be erosion rates of ∼33 to ∼95 t/km2/yr, illustrating that differences in lithology and tectonic boundary conditions can cause substantial variations in erosion even at a spatial scale of only ∼50 km. In conclusion, we suggest that both short‐term sediment yield estimates and 10Be erosion rates should be employed to predict the lifetimes of reservoirs.