Constraints on the petrologic structure of the subduction zone slab-mantle interface from Franciscan Complex exotic ultramafic blocks

Abstract

Ultramafic blocks within mud-matrix melange of the Franciscan Complex, California, preserve a series of metasomatic mineral zones generated by infiltration of Si-rich hydrous fluids during subduction. We describe the petrology and geochemistry of the metasomatic zones and compare them to current model predictions for the metasomatism of the mantle wedge by subduction zone fluids. Fluid flow affected a Cr-spinel lherzolite protolith to form first serpentinite, then a talc-dominated rock, and finally an amphibole-rich assemblage. A diverse suite of accessory minerals in the amphibole-rich zone (titanite + clinozoisite + zircon + apatite) suggests that the trace element signature of subduction zone fluids may be fractionated in this zone. Oxygen isotopic evidence suggests that the ultramafic blocks equilibrated with metasomatic fluids during serpentinization and that subsequent reactions occurred in equilibrium with these fluids in a temperature range of 450–500 °C. Whole-rock geochemistry indicates mobility of many elements into and out of the blocks during metasomatism, including elements such as Ti which are currently considered to have low solubilities in such fluids. Taken as a whole, the blocks appear to preserve the metasomatic structure of the slab-mantle interface in subduction zones and imply that the chemistry of slab-derived fluids is modified as they pass through these metasomatic zones in the mantle wedge. Our results suggest that the primary composition of subduction zone fluids is not likely reflected by arc magmas. Instead, we propose that arc magmas are derived from regions of the mantle fluxed by fluids residual to the metasomatic processes we observe.