Constraining modern‐day silicon cycling in Lake Baikal

V N Panizzo,V H Pashley,G E A Swann,L André,M S A Horstwood,A W Mackay,L Alleman,E Vologina

doi:10.1002/2016gb005518

Abstract

AbstractConstraining the continental silicon cycle is a key requirement in attempts to understand both nutrient fluxes to the ocean and linkages between silicon and carbon cycling over different time scales. Silicon isotope data of dissolved silica (δ30SiDSi) are presented here from Lake Baikal and its catchment in central Siberia. As well as being the world's oldest and voluminous lake, Lake Baikal lies within the seventh largest drainage basin in the world and exports significant amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean. Data from river waters accounting for ~92% of annual river inflow to the lake suggest no seasonal alteration or anthropogenic impact on river δ30SiDSi composition. The absence of a change in δ30SiDSi within the Selenga Delta, through which 62% of riverine flow passes, suggests a net balance between biogenic uptake and dissolution in this system. A key feature of this study is the use of δ30SiDSi to examine seasonal and spatial variations in DSi utilization and export across the lake. Using an open system model against deepwater δ30SiDSi values from the lake, we estimate that 20–24% of DSi entering Lake Baikal is exported into the sediment record. While highlighting the impact that lakes may have upon the sequestration of continental DSi, mixed layer δ30SiDSi values from 2003 and 2013 show significant spatial variability in the magnitude of spring bloom nutrient utilization with lower rates in the north relative to south basin.

Highlights

Silicon isotope geochemistry (28Si, 29Si, and 30Si) represents a growing field by which to constrain the global silicon cycle
The global silicon (Si) cycle is essentially characterized by two subcycles: the continental and oceanic silicon cycles, which are connected via regional river systems
The supply of DSi to the oceans by rivers plays a fundamental role in global biogeochemical cycling, which is responsible in part for the regulation of atmospheric pCO2 [Tréguer and Pondaven, 2000]

Summary

Introduction

Silicon isotope geochemistry (28Si, 29Si, and 30Si) represents a growing field by which to constrain the global silicon cycle. Over the past decade a growing number of studies have employed δ30SiDSi methods in locations including the Amazon [Hughes et al, 2013], Congo [Cardinal et al, 2010; Hughes et al, 2011a], Ganges [Fontorbe et al, 2013; Frings et al, 2015], Icelandic Rivers [Georg et al, 2007; Opfergelt et al, 2013], Nile [Cockerton et al, 2013], Okavango Delta [Frings et al, 2014a], Tana [Hughes et al, 2012], Yangtze [Ding et al, 2004], and Yellow [Ding et al, 2011] drainage basins Results from these have highlighted the close interactions between aquatic productivity and silicon cycling in both soils, vegetation, and other aboitic processes. We present a detailed spatial study of the Lake Baikal catchment, in central Siberia, in order to examine the effects of some of these issues

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Discussion

Conclusion