Abstract
Time-varying gravity observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measures surface water and ice mass redistribution driven by weather and climate forcing and has emerged as one of the most important data types in measuring changes in Earth’s climate. However, spatial leakage of GRACE signals, especially in coastal areas, has been a recognized limitation in quantitatively assessing mass change. It is evident that larger terrestrial signals in coastal regions spread into the oceans and vice versa and various remedies have been developed to address this problem. An especially successful one has been Forward Modeling but it requires knowledge of geographical locations of mass change to be fully effective. In this study, we develop a new method to suppress leakage effects using a linear least squares operator applied to GRACE spherical harmonic data. The method is effectively a constrained deconvolution of smoothing inherent in GRACE data. It assumes that oceanic mass changes near the coast are negligible compared to terrestrial changes, with additional spatial regularization constraints. Some calibration of constraint weighting is required. We apply the method to estimate surface mass loads over Australia using both synthetic and real GRACE data. Leakage into the oceans is effectively suppressed and when compared with mascon solutions there is better performance over interior basins.
Highlights
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, launched on March 17, 2002, provided global gravity solutions from April 2002 to June 2017
The Forward Modeling (FM) method can correct leakage into the oceans to estimate average terrestrial mass changes but the spatial distribution over land is not necessarily correct unless surface mass load geography is known in detail
This is often the case for ice mass loss at glacial outlets [14] but for terrestrial water storage changes, change locations are not well-known in advance
Summary
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, launched on March 17, 2002, provided global gravity solutions from April 2002 to June 2017. Especially at high SH degree and order, is normally suppressed by Gaussian smoothing [10] or special optimum filters [11] These filters are effective and cause reduced spatial resolution. The FM method can correct leakage into the oceans to estimate average terrestrial mass changes but the spatial distribution over land is not necessarily correct unless surface mass load geography is known in detail. This is often the case for ice mass loss at glacial outlets [14] but for terrestrial water storage changes, change locations are not well-known in advance. Estimated surface mass loads show effective suppression of leakage into the oceans, as with FM, while retaining spatial distribution of surface mass load indicated in the original solutions
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