Abstract
In this article, we propose a hybrid beamforming design for multiuser mmWave massive MIMO systems. We adopt a two-stage approach for designing the analog and digital beamforming separately. The analog beamforming design is based on a constrained low-rank channel decomposition and aims to simultaneously harvest the array gain and reduce the intra- and inter-user interference. The digital beamforming design is conducted by using the regularized channel diagonalization method, which provides a better trade-off between multiuser interference suppression and transmit diversity, thus attaining a better performance in low-SNR scenarios or when communicating to many users or through many data streams. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed design through numerical simulations, which have shown that our design outperforms several other hybrid beamforming designs in the literature.
Highlights
T HE overgrowing demand for high data throughput, the increasing number of connected devices, and the emergence of new services and applications have imposed 5G and beyond-5G (B5G) wireless communication systems a soaring requirement for higher spectral and energy efficiency [1]–[4]
The proposed approach is compared to the hybrid block diagonalization (BD) (Hy-BD) [28], subspace-projectionaided BD (Hy-SBD) [30], equivalent baseband channel hybrid beamforming (HBF) (EBF-HBF) [31], and hybrid regularized channel diagonalization (HRCD) [32]
The HRCD design requires the knowledge of the array response vectors for all propagation paths and can only be deployed for the millimeter waves (mmWave) channel model
Summary
T HE overgrowing demand for high data throughput, the increasing number of connected devices, and the emergence of new services and applications have imposed 5G and beyond-5G (B5G) wireless communication systems a soaring requirement for higher spectral and energy efficiency [1]–[4]. Since the early envisioning of the 5G system, massive MIMO and millimeter waves (mmWave) have been considered as key technologies to achieve these requirements [5], [6]. B5G systems will rely on these technologies, while continuing to move to higher frequencies, such as the terahertz (THz) band [7]. MmWave and THz bands are able to provide large continuous unused/underused bandwidths, allowing much higher data rates, these frequencies are severely affected by path loss, penetration loss, and atmospheric attenuation [8], [9]. The cost and power consumption of radio-frequency (RF) chains, at high frequencies, and the space occupied by such devices, can forbid massive MIMO systems from using conventional fully-digital beamforming (which requires one RF chain per antenna) [10], [11]. A promising alternative is a hybrid beamforming (HBF) architecture [11]–[15]
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