Abstract
The study is aimed to determine the constitutive features of deliberate language shift by Afghan immigrants in Chakwal (Punjab, Pakistan). The researchers selected 10 business practitioners living for at least 10 years in the Punjabi community. The semi-structured interviews and non-participants observations were conducted for data collection. The researchers used "Community of Practice" (CofP) as a theoretical framework. CofP Model has three elements that helped the researchers determine the constitutive features of language shift by Afghan immigrants. The researchers found out that the regional displacement left the Afghan immigrants with the least liberty to exercise their language in all the fields of life because the local stakeholders were not conversant with Afghan's language. As a result, they started borrowing words from Punjabi and Urdu languages. The study's findings reflect that the influence of these languages permanently substituted their native language vocabulary with that of Panjabi and Urdu. The researchers noticed that linguistic adaptations are tactically intentional and need-based and not accidental. The market competition is the driving force towards their deliberate language shift. This language shift is determined through practitioners' attitudes and communication attempts to generate more significant revenue and make better fits in the community of practice.
Highlights
1.1 Background of the StudyMoore (2011) coded that Pakistan is located in South Asia, neighbouring India, Iran, China, and Afghanistan
The non-participant observations are collected. 3.1 Wenger's CofP as a Theoretical Framework Since the sociolinguistic features and factors that affect the language of any community are a matter of individual's and collective experience, the researchers selected the "Community of Practice" as a theoretical framework
Findings and Analysis The analysis of the interviews and observations revealed how Afghan immigrants established the community of practice in collaboration with the local inhabitants
Summary
Moore (2011) coded that Pakistan is located in South Asia, neighbouring India, Iran, China, and Afghanistan. Among these states, Afghanistan has been the area of military conflicts even after the withdrawal of European masters from the regions (Mackey, 2006). Euro-America has attempted to take control of this region but failed on account of numerous geostrategic reasons. Because of these military conflicts, the most affected areas are Afghanistan and Pakistan, as they share a long border strip (Zaidi, 2010). These wars affected the commoner's life in the region, and they saved their lives by flooding away their localities
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