Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a highly fatal viral disease affecting marine-farmed Atlantic salmon which is caused by ISA virus (ISAV), a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus Isavirus within the family Orthomyxoviridae. Mx proteins are among the interferon (IFN)-induced proteins responsible for the development of an antiviral state in vertebrate cells. We used real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells constitutively expressing Atlantic salmon Mx1 protein (ASMx1) to examine the antiviral properties of ASMx1 against two ISAV strains, NBISA01 and HKS-36, having phenotypically different growth properties (cytopathic vs non-cytopathic) in the CHSE-214 cell line. We present evidence that ISAV is sensitive to ASMx1. CHSE-214 cells constitutively expressing ASMx1 showed increased resistance to infection with the cytopathic ISAV strain NBISA01, manifested as delayed development of cytopathic effects (CPE) and significant reduction in the severity of CPE, as well as a 10-fold reduction in virus yield. However, by real-time RT-PCR we observed no significant difference in the mean threshold cycle (Ct) values of ISAV RNA levels, suggesting that the ASMx1 activity on ISAV occurs at the post-transcription steps of virus replication, possibly in the cytoplasm.
Highlights
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a highly fatal disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon, is a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus Isavirus within the family Orthomyxoviridae [1]
Viruses in the genus Isavirus are enveloped particles of 90–140 nm diameter with surface projections consisting of a combined haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein [3] and a separate putative fusion (F) protein [4]
We present evidence that ISA virus (ISAV) is sensitive to the antiviral activity of Atlantic salmon Mx1 protein (ASMx1)
Summary
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a highly fatal disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon, is a fish orthomyxovirus that has recently been assigned to the new genus Isavirus within the family Orthomyxoviridae [1]. To demonstrate the effects of ASMx1 on the replication of the two ISAV strains, we compared the cytopathogenicity and virus yields of the viruses in normal CHSE-214 cells and in cells constitutively expressing ASMx1.
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