Abstract
The essential oils and lipid fraction extracted from the aerial parts of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium were determined by a GC-MS method. In total, up to 67 components were identified. cis-β-Ocimene, trans-β-ocimene, limonene, α-pinene, α-copaene, β-elemene, and caryophyllene oxide were recognized as consistent components of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium, regardless of the habitat. The content of these components varied from traces to a significant amount. The volume of the lipid fraction varied from 2.73 to 9.38%. In total, 23 components were identified, including 20 fatty acids, two sterols, and one ketone. The major fatty acid components identified were 16:0, 18:2n9, and 18:1n9. The total content of these fatty acids reached up to 76.19%. The lipid fraction of the aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium predominantly contained MUFA and PUFA, which confirmed the pharmacological value of the species. The main factors affecting the composition of essential oils and lipid fractions of B. scorzonerifolium are environmental ones that determine the moisture supply to the plants in semiarid and arid areas.
Highlights
As one of the most important and major components of traditional oriental medicine, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is a perennial polycarpic herb growing up to 70 cm tall with compound umbels, which has an East Asian distribution area and is widespread in the eastern regions of Russia (Siberia and the Far East) as well as in Mongolia, China, and Korea [1]
We investigated and conducted a comparative analysis of the essential oils and lipid fraction of the aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium from different habitats and tried to establish some possible relationships between the chemical composition and environmental differences
Using the Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique 67 components were identified in the essential oil of B. scorzonerifolium, including acyclic, aromatic, mono- and sesquiterpene compounds (Table 1)
Summary
As one of the most important and major components of traditional oriental medicine, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. is a perennial polycarpic herb growing up to 70 cm tall with compound umbels, which has an East Asian distribution area and is widespread in the eastern regions of Russia (Siberia and the Far East) as well as in Mongolia, China, and Korea [1]. As one of the most important and major components of traditional oriental medicine, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The aerial parts of B. scorzonerifolium have been widely applied as a choleretic and hepatoprotective remedy in traditional Russian medicine [2]. The roots have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. B. scorzonerifolium and B. chinense are defined as the officinal plant of Chaihu—Bupleurum roots—in the Chinese Pharmacopeia [3]. Active compounds isolated from the roots, such as saikosaponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, essential oils and fatty acids, possess various pharmacological functions including hepatoprotective, mild sedative, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-tussive, immunomodulatory effect, anti-fibrotic, anti-liver cancer as well as promoting liver regeneration [4,5,6].
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