Constituent durations in English NNN compounds: A case of strategic speaker behavior?

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of morphological embeddedness and lexical frequency on the duration of constituents in left- and right-branching NNN compounds from a corpus of spoken English (Boston University Radio Speech Corpus, Ostendorf et al., 1997). Theories assuming that the phonetic signal is not affected by the internal structure of multimorphemic words are opposed by empirical studies on the morpho-phonetic interface which provide evidence that the phonetic signal is sensitive to different morphological boundaries. The analysis of 465 NNN compounds reveals that morphological embeddedness alone does not have the expected effect on constituent durations, however, we detected a complex interplay of the morphological structure of NNN compounds and the two involved bigram frequencies. For instance, the duration of N2 in left-branching compounds is affected by the frequency of N2N3 even though these two constituents do not form a morphological unit in this type of NNN compound. This interplay may be interpreted as a listener-oriented strategy employed by the speaker in order to resolve potential conflicts between the frequency of adjacent constituents and the morphological structure: In such an instance, speakers appear to use acoustic duration to signal the branching direction of the triconstituent compound.