Abstract
The choice of modulation schemes is a fundamental building block of wireless communication systems. As a key component of physical layer design, they critically impact the expected communication capacity and wireless signal robustness. Their design is also critical for the successful roll-out of wireless standards that require a compromise between performance, efficiency, latency, and hardware requirements. This paper presents a survey of constellation design strategies and associated outcomes for wireless communication systems. The survey discusses their performance and complexity to address the need for some desirable properties, including consistency, channel capacity, system performance, required demapping architecture, flexibility, and independence. Existing approaches for constellation designs are investigated using appropriate metrics and categorized based on their theoretical algorithm design. Next, their application to different communication standards is analyzed in context, aiming at distilling general guidelines applicable to the wireless building block design. Finally, the survey provides a discussion on design directions for future communication system standardization processes.
Highlights
The results show that the error performance of a 2 bit/s/Hz 16QAM convolutional coding scheme is improved by 0.7 dB at Bit Error Rate (BER) = 10−3 and 0.35 dB at BER = 10−5 selecting the adequate shaping codes
The results show that Multi-antenna Spatial Modulation (MSMod) provides better system performance than Modified Space Shift Keying (MSSK), whereas the transmit complexity is higher as Inter-Antenna Synchronization (IAS) is needed
RESEARCH Concepts such as 5G/6G communications, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, or ultra-high-quality multimedia systems might be regarded as the future paradigm, but in the upcoming years, society will undoubtedly face a digital evolution of these technologies
Summary
W IRELESS communication systems are experimenting a considerable evolution due to the increase of the different data traffics that they must convey. The limit at which data can be transmitted was set by Shannon’s seminal work [6], [7]. Many researchers have put their efforts on approximating to that limit creating advanced coding techniques, such as. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes [8], [9], turbo codes [10], polar codes [11], etc.Some of these codes are considered as capacity-approaching codes, performing in the boundary of the error-free region. Other techniques, which are already being considered for the upcoming wireless communications systems, are Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) [12], Light Fidelity (LiFi) [13] or Faster-ThanNyquist (FTN) algorithms [14]
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