Constant-temperature thermal response test (TRT) with both heat injection and extraction for ground source heat pump systems: Methodology and a case study

Abstract

Abstract An accurate estimate of site-specific underground thermal properties from thermal response tests (TRTs) is vital to the efficient and sustainable use of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. During a conventional TRT, the ground is perturbed by a heat injection and the response is measured in time. Despite the simplicity of the concept, conventional TRT fails to take into account the ground thermal response to heat extraction, which may affect the reliability of the thermal properties derived. To address the problem, an improved TRT based on both heat injection and extraction was proposed in this study. The improvements were demonstrated with an in-situ test carried out in Taiyuan, China. The measurement results showed that the ground thermal conductivity in Taiyuan was 1.56 W/(m K) and the borehole thermal resistance was 0.22 (m K)/W. The results also showed that, in the case of Taiyuan, ground thermal conductivities derived solely from heat injection test and heat extraction test were, respectively, 7.6% higher and 8.3% lower than that from the improved TRT. Thus, compared with the conventional TRT, the improved TRT consisting of both heat injection and extraction tests can provide test data more accurately reflect the annual performance of GSHP systems.