Abstract
The structure of epibranchial organs and the shape of the fourth epibranchial bones in clupeid fishes reflect phylogenetic relationships on the species group or generic level. Distinctive bone shapes of 18 species in four genera are illustrated. Clupea has lost its epibranchial organs, and the other genera exhibit several kinds of organ structure: Opisthonema has a curved continuous tube, Dorosoma has an entrance canal bending sharply into a terminal blind sac, and Brevoortia has a sac-like chamber. Use of these characteristics may facilitate the allocation of problematical species to the various clupeid genera.
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