Considering the Symbiotic Relationship Between Religion, Digital Media, and Social Movement Leadership – A Systematic Review Using PRISMA

Abstract

The study of leadership has been long explicitly debated, specifically in social movements. While the discussion of social movement leadership has increasingly made its presence in digital media studies, it falls short of understanding religious socio-political action and in the nexus of religion. Moreover, the role of religion has continually been confined in the contexts of conflict, terrorism, and extremism. Based on the said argument, this article develops a systematic review of religion, digital media, and social movement leadership. The present paper follows the PRISMA systematic review protocol as a guideline for data collection and reporting. Data of articles were obtained from the Scopus database between 2010 and 2021. Findings indicate that religion is used both as an explanatory component to either rationalise conflict or to empower social movements. Religion plays a significant role in social movements that are mediated through digital media. Relevant studies have increasingly examined religion concerning online practices and in the context of social movements. The paper highlights that religiously embedded social movements can be examined using social movement and digital media perspectives. Nonetheless, it must extend the religious analytical lens to thoroughly comprehend the religious components, particularly when it involves religious social movement actors. Keywords: Religion, digital media, social movement leadership, socio-political, PRISMA.