Considering kidney stones and the bidirectional relationship between nephrolithiasis and urinary Tract Infection (UTIs): a systematic review of the literature on cause and effect

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney stones also known as nephrolithiasis, it have complicated and reciprocal interaction that makes both conditions worse. We conducted an extensive study to ascertain the connection between “kidney stone disease (KSD)” and recurrent “Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs)”, as well as to evaluate the impact of kidney stone treatment on UTI resolution. We found that there is a strong correlation between KSD and UTI in several studies after evaluating 15 publications. Though the technique resolves UTIs, there is conflicting information about the likelihood of recurrence following kidney stone removal surgery. Our understanding of the potential role of bacteria in the genesis of "metabolic" stones can improve with the aid of vitro research. Our study shows that KSD and UTIs coexist and have an influence on one another. Consequently, individuals with a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or other risk factors can be advised to pursue prophylactic measures such kidney stone removal, regardless of the kind of stone. A stone culture test should be conducted to determine the specific bacteria causing the UTI to reduce the likelihood of recurring episodes and to enable more precise and effective antibiotic treatment strategy.