Abstract
The joint use of multi-frequency signals brings new prospects for precise positioning and has become a trend in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) development. However, a new type of inter-frequency clock bias (IFCB), namely the difference between satellite clocks computed with different ionospheric-free carrier phase combinations, was noticed. Consequently, the B1/B3 precise point positioning (PPP) cannot directly use the current B1/B2 clock products. Datasets from 35 globally distributed stations are employed to investigate the IFCB. For new generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites, namely BDS-3 satellites, the IFCB between B1/B2a and B1/B3 satellite clocks, between B1/B2b and B1/B3 satellite clocks, between B1C/B2a and B1C/B3 satellite clocks, and between B1C/B2b and B1C/B3 satellite clocks is analyzed, and no significant IFCB variations can be observed. The IFCB between B1/B2 and B1/B3 satellite clocks for BDS-2 satellites varies with time, and the IFCB variations are generally confined to peak amplitudes of about 5 cm. The IFCB of BDS-2 satellites exhibits periodic signal, and the accuracy of prediction for IFCB, namely the root mean square (RMS) statistic of the difference between predicted and estimated IFCB values, is 1.2 cm. A triple-frequency PPP model with consideration of IFCB is developed. Compared with B1/B2-based PPP, the positioning accuracy of triple-frequency PPP with BDS-2 satellites can be improved by 12%, 25% and 10% in east, north and vertical directions, respectively.
Highlights
In a quest for independence, China has pursued the build-up of a proprietary national navigation satellite system for many years
Compared with B1/B2-based precise point positioning (PPP), the positioning accuracy of triple-frequency PPP with BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS)-2 satellites can be improved by 12%, 25% and 10% in east, north and vertical directions, respectively
The BDS-2 satellite G7 and BDS-3 satellite M3-S are in the phase of flight tests
Summary
In a quest for independence, China has pursued the build-up of a proprietary national navigation satellite system for many years. According to the deployment timeline of the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS), its implementation has been carried out in three steps: BeiDou navigation demonstration system by 2000, regional BDS (BDS-2) by 2012 and global BDS (BDS-3) by 2020. The first two steps have been realized. The deployment and operation of the demonstration system was successful. With the successful launch of the first BDS-2 satellite M1 into the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) in 2007, the BDS-2 was initiated. A preliminary start of navigation and position services was declared on 27 December 2011. Along with the launch of the last Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
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