Abstract
Estrous synchronization, coupled with natural service, provides the benefit of female cows conceiving early, but there are an increased number of females expressing estrus in a short period of time. Thus, considerations need to be made for the bull. Select a protocol that will distribute estrus over a longer period of time and ensure bulls pass a breeding soundness examination. Mature bulls (3years old or older) have increased efficiency in getting cows pregnant compared with younger bulls; therefore, a ratio of 1 mature bull to 25 cows is a good recommendation within an estrous synchronized herd.
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