Abstract
Surgery is the corner stone of curative treatment for rectal cancer and the reference for new treatments. Proper treatment consists of complete surgical removal of the tumour, with clear circumferential resection margins, checked with adequate pathological examination, the results of which can be used as a reference for adjuvant treatment. In the past decade, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been introduced for rectal cancer to downstage and downsize the tumour. A pathological complete response (pCR), defined as no tumour detectable during pathological examination of the resection specimen, has been reported in 10–30% of patients treated with preoperative CRT.
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