Abstract
The frequency of molecular studies aimed to analyze promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes and global proteomics in gastric carcinogenesis is increasing. Nonetheless, only a few considered the different types of stomach cells, the tumor location and the influence of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus infection (EBV). Molecular differences relating to anatomical and histological tumor areas were also recently described. The authors propose a molecular classification of gastric cancer, dividing it into four subtypes: tumors positive for EBV; microsatellite unstable tumors; genomically stable tumors and tumors with chromosomal instability. RESUMO A frequência de estudos moleculares visando a analisar os promotores de metilação de genes supressores de tumor e proteômica globais na carcinogênese gástrica está aumentando. No entanto, apenas alguns consideraram os diferentes tipos de células do estômago, a localização do tumor e a influência da infecção por Helicobacter pylori e pelo vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Diferenças moleculares relacionadas com áreas tumorais anatômicas e histológicas também foram recentemente descritas. Os autores propõem uma classificação molecular de câncer gástrico, dividindo-o em quatro subtipos: tumores positivos para o EBV; tumores microssatélite instáveis; tumores genomicamente estáveis e tumores com instabilidade cromossômica.
Highlights
The frequency of molecular studies aimed to analyze promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes and global proteomics in gastric carcinogenesis is increasing
It is estimated that Brazil will have 20,520 new Gastric Cancer (GC) cases in 2016, 12,920 in men and 7,600 in women[2]
The authors propose a molecular classification of gastric cancer, dividing it into four subtypes: tumors positive for Epstein Barr virus infection (EBV); microsatellite unstable tumors; genomically stable tumors and tumors with chromosomal instability
Summary
The frequency of molecular studies aimed to analyze promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes and global proteomics in gastric carcinogenesis is increasing. In Brazil, GC corresponds the fifth major cause of cancer mortality among men and the sixth among women. Cells and functions, showing a heterogeneity in the morphological, cytological and molecular levels[3].Based on this heterogeneity, some classification systems have been proposed to evaluate the gastric tumor’s pathological characteristics.
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