Abstract
We review the atomic structures by taking into account the effect of the nonspherical distribution of electrons explicitly. Actual calculations are performed for the neutral first-row atoms by means of the variational method. Compared to the conventional atomic structures, degenerate energy levels are split partially due to the lack of the spherical symmetry. The magnitudes of these splittings are not negligibly small. This means that the nonspherical part of electron distribution seems to be essential not only conceptually but also quantitatively in the study on the single-particle picture of atomic systems.
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