Abstract
For each region of France, there is currently a program to implement a plan for regional prevention and management of construction and demolition waste (CDW) used in the buildings and public works (e.g., roads) sector, also called the BTP (from the French Bâtiment et Travaux Publics) sector. To implement such a plan, its complexity must be considered; i.e., account (a) for how different scales are endogenously connected and (b) for decision-making rules at each scale being introduced. However, this complexity has rarely been taken into account in the literature. Using the PACA region as a case-study, this paper presents the first results of modelling that determines a hypotheses for the geographic distribution of the road renovation rate in each municipality (microscale) and Department (mesoscale) in a region of France. Such a renovation requires recycled aggregates (gravel) and asphalt supplies simultaneously. To consider this endogenous connection between scales, the model at the micro-scale must also be calibrated so the simulated values emerging at a higher-scale approach a supply–demand balance. We also discuss the transposition of the model to another French region (Ile-de-France). The method we used is the Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) modelling approach. In addition, the coherent interplay between scales is determined by an approach called pattern-oriented modelling (POM). Our research revealed, at a thematic level, that for a circular economy to develop, the network of facilities in the territory is very important, and effective commercialization of secondary resources is major in the areas that group together recycling platforms and nearby asphalt plants. At a methodological level, our research revealed that in any multi-level modelling exercise, POM can be seen as an essential approach to accompany the ACE approach, particularly for a macroeconomic (here macro = regional) looping of a model designed at a microscale. However, convincing the BTP sector to integrate ACE/POM as a full part of a methodological support for regional prevention and management of CDW remains a challenge
Highlights
Our research revealed that in any multi-level modelling exercise, pattern-oriented modelling (POM) can be seen as an essential approach to accompany the Agent-based Computational Economics (ACE) approach, for a macroeconomic looping of a model designed at a microscale
This paper tackled complexity in terms of how a regional prevention and management plan for waste (PRPGD) is developed in PACA, and, scientifically, how we connect paradigms related to complexity (Figure 4)
Inside an ongoing iterative and incremental modelling cycle of complexity (Figure 3), the first goal of the current exercise was to determine whether, at a complex level in PACA, (a) a search radius existed mathematically for materials suppliers from which all stocks produced would be sold and that (b) multi-scale connection and coherency is possible
Summary
In accordance with the French “Loi Notre” of 7 August 2015 [1] on the reorganization of French Republic territories, the decree effective June 2016 [2] required the French regions to implement a regional prevention and management plan for waste called PRPGD (Plan Régional de Prévention et de Gestion des Déchets). This plan is reviewed every 6 years. Many PRPGD plans have already been published These include those from the Ile-deFrance [3], Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur or PACA [4] and Nouvelle-Aquitaine [5] regions. If one focuses only on cases of road renovation, the principal post-consumer use of recycled aggregates (called “gravel” in the rest of this document) as a road base, the following questions arise:
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