Abstract
Eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century foreign literature on Alta California depicts the Hispanic population as indolent and inefficient at developing the region’s natural bounty, providing a justification for conquest. California’s early representation as an island conveyed connotations of escape and undeveloped paradise. The Black Legend reinforced the laziness trope. Spanish observers were defensive on the issues of leisure and labor, while Native American Pablo Tac described the unceasing labor of the mission Indians.
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