Abstract
An odontogenic myxoma is a benign, locally invasive, aggressive, nonmetastasizing neoplasm of ectomesenchymal origin of the jaw bones. Surgical treatment is the gold standard approach in the majority of cases, but conservative or radical surgery in extended lesions is still controversial. The current literature has shown the same rates of recurrence between conservative (vigorous curettage, enucleation) and radical treatment (block resection) after a long-term follow-up. A 39-year-old Brazilian woman with odontogenic myxoma of the right mandible was conservatively treated by surgical enucleation and curettage because it was decided initially with the surgical equipment in this oncological center. During a follow-up of 78 months, the patient has remained clinically and radiologically free of recurrence. The rate of recurrence decreased from 24.0% to 8.3% when follow-up exceeded 60 months. Although conservative approaches have proven effective in this case, the risk of recurrence remains considerable, and long-term follow-up is indispensable.
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