Conservation or Development in the Terai? The Political Ecology of Natural Resources in Nepal

Abstract

The reconciliation of competing demands for scarce natural resources often requires trade-offs between the needs for economic development and for environmental conservation. These trade-offs may be particularly acute in low income countries experiencing high rates of growth in human population. This is the case in Nepal, and this chapter examines the situation of the tall grasslands in the southern Terai region which comprise a rare habitat, home to a number of globally endangered species. However, these areas also provide other valuable resources, including grasses for thatch; cane for building, fuel and fodder; and wild foods for the local people. This chapter analyses the conflicts between different resource users, and identifies the interest groups and stakeholders within a political ecology framework. Various options for the conservation and development of the Terai, and the prospects for their successful implementation are suggested.