Conservation measures for Malus sylvestris in the East Ore Mountains, Germany

Abstract

Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. is the only indigenous wild apple species in middle Europe. The crab apple is only rarely found in its distribution area and increasingly endangered. Therefore protective measures are necessary to ensure its sustainable preservation. In a four-year project, supported by the German Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food, numerous conservation strategies were developed and tested. A clear identification of ‘true type’ M. sylvestris individuals by using morphological and genetic methods was prerequisite for all subsequent conservation measures. Existing crab apple individuals were ensured by appropriate in situ measures. For a long-term protection, two seed orchards were planted. Additionally, different utilization possibilities for the crab apple were tested. Due to intensive public relations the crab apple was brought into the consciousness of the people. At this place the application of different conservation measures and utilization possibilities concerning the long-term preservation of M. sylvestris shall be presented. This application example should be transferable to other seldom species and regions.