Abstract
The SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) gene family affects plant architecture, panicle structure, and grain development, representing key genes for crop improvements. The objective of the present study is to utilize the well characterized SPLs’ functions in rice to facilitate the functional genomics of TaSPL genes. To achieve these goals, we combined several approaches, including genome-wide analysis of TaSPLs, comparative genomic analysis, expression profiling, and functional study of TaSPL3 in rice. We established the orthologous relationships of 56 TaSPL genes with the corresponding OsSPLs, laying a foundation for the comparison of known SPL functions between wheat and rice. Some TaSPLs exhibited different spatial–temporal expression patterns when compared to their rice orthologs, thus implicating functional divergence. TaSPL2/6/8/10 were identified to respond to different abiotic stresses through the combination of RNA-seq and qPCR expression analysis. Additionally, ectopic expression of TaSPL3 in rice promotes heading dates, affects leaf and stem development, and leads to smaller panicles and decreased yields per panicle. In conclusion, our work provides useful information toward cataloging of the functions of TaSPLs, emphasized the conservation and divergence between TaSPLs and OsSPLs, and identified the important SPL genes for wheat improvement.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide, providing a food supply for about 28% of the global population [1]
We found that the TaSPL3-OE lines started to head as early as ~60 days after sowing, while the control lines headed at ~72 days after sowing
We found that the TaSPL3-OE lines affected the length, width, and area of the flag leaf (Figure 7G–K). These results clearly indicated that TaSPL3 affects vegetative growth, but it remains to be investigated whether the decreased flag leaf and internode sizes were indirectly due to early heading, or due to ectopically expressed TaSPL3 influencing the development of leaves and internodes
Summary
Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide, providing a food supply for about 28% of the global population [1]. Sustaining wheat yield and quality has become unprecedentedly challenging for several reasons, including the reduction of arable land area, water resource shortages, and the emergence of new pathogens and pests. Our fundamental understanding of the genes involved in wheat functional traits represents one of the key aspects for wheat molecular breeding and, is of great significance for the improvement of wheat yield and quality. TF families are involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, and often contain master regulators and key genes for crop improvement. Among the many important TF families, the SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING TF families are involved in various aspects of plant growth and development, and often contain master regulators and key genes for crop improvement. 4.0/).
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