Consequences of Renesting in Common Terns (Sterna hirundo): Changes in Clutch Size, Egg Mass, and Productivity

Abstract

Some previous studies of seabirds have suggested that birds renesting after earlier failures may lay smaller clutches and smaller eggs than the same birds in their first nestings. Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) were studied at a site where most first clutches and broods were destroyed by high seas from a hurricane on 22 June 1972. Most or all pairs renested 8-17 d (mean 11.2 d ± 2.1SD) after failure. Renesting pairs had lower clutch size than first-nesting pairs (means 2.11 vs 2.85), lighter eggs (20.08 vs 21.89 g for first eggs in the clutch) and lower productivity (≤ 1.24 vs 2.07 chicks raised to fledging). Two of 34 fledglings from renestings were subsequently encountered as breeders, versus 2 of 30 from surviving first nestings in 1972 and 5 of 73 from the same site in 1971. Hence, renesting contributed offspring to the next generation, although it must have entailed physiological, energetic and temporal costs to the parents.