Abstract
Reduced sleep duration in schoolchildren has been associated with poor health outcomes at the scholar level; however, there is little information on the effects of sleep loss on Chilean preschoolers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare cardiometabolic outcomes according with the sleep duration in Chilean preschoolers. A second aim was to identify potential risk outcomes (i.e., in odds ratios) for suffering anthropometric and body composition alterations related with participants’ sleep duration. A total of 99 (n = 54 boys; n = 45 girls) preschoolers (mean age (95% CI) 3.1 (2.7, 3.4 years), mean weight 16.1 (15.5, 16.6 kg)) were included in this study. Sleep duration was assessed using standardized questionnaires with the parents. Socio-demographic parents’ information, as well as anthropometric, nutritional, and handgrip strength outcomes in preschoolers were distributed by tertiles (T1; < 10 h, T2; 10 to < 11 h, and T3; ≥ 11 h) of sleep time. Children in the lowest tertile of sleep duration had significantly higher body mass indices (p = 0.036), weight-for-height Z-scores (p < 0.0001), waist–hip ratios (p = 0.041), and body fat in percent (p = 0.035) and kg (p = 0.044) compared to those in the top tertile. Low sleep duration was associated with significantly greater risks of overweight/obesity (OR 1.3 (0.9, 1.8)), low height (OR 1.2 (0.8, 1.6)), and increased BMI (OR 1.5 (0.4, 1.4)), but not with reductions in grip strength. Chilean preschoolers with low sleep duration showed higher cardiometabolic markers (anthropometric/body composition) and were more likely to be classified as obese than youth with longer sleep duration.
Highlights
Childhood obesity has become a major health challenge in the American continent, in both preschoolers and primary schoolchildren [1]
Children 2021, 8, 8 was carried out under the recommendations for human studies according with the Dec- 3 of 16 laration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of The Service of Health of Valdivia, which depends on the Ministry of Health, Chile. (ORDN°016-31012019)
The aim of this study was to describe and compare cardiometabolic outcomes according with the sleep duration in Chilean preschoolers
Summary
Childhood obesity has become a major health challenge in the American continent, in both preschoolers and primary schoolchildren [1]. In Latin American countries as Chile, there has been a dramatic report in the obesity prevalence at primary school increasing from 21.5 in 2009 to 24.4% in 2017 [3]. Spending children long time in TV viewing, videogames, and in general in screen exposure have a strong association with more obesity prevalence [5]. Other exposures, such as not enough sleep, high amount of stress, or parents/familial factors can be contributors but poorly explored factors at level of preschoolers (i.e., schoolchildren ≥ 2 and ≤ 4 years old) [6]. There is little information regarding sleep duration and their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle’s characteristics from parents in Chilean preschoolers
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