Abstract
Wheat is one of the world’s most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.
Highlights
The extreme events of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, salinity, etc.reduce crop production worldwide
Selection of germplasm based on both primary traits like yield and secondary traits which are significantly associated with yield potential could ensure genetic gain under stressful environment
Various approaches to abiotic stress mitigation strategies in the wheat production system escalated by global warming and climate change have been documented in different research articles [260]
Summary
The extreme events of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, salinity, etc. The temperature rises above the threshold level adversely affect grain formation and filling [23], grain yield per spike [24], and yield loss [25,26] Salinity is another major abiotic stress that adversely influences wheat yield and quality [27]. A huge number of earlier studies highlighted the impacts of environmental stresses on growth, physiological changes, and yield of wheat, an inclusive overview is restricted for updating the consequences of abiotic stress and their possible mitigation strategies for wheat to meet the food security of increasing population [32]. This review updates current knowledge of the impacts of abiotic stresses on wheat and focuses on novel mitigation strategies for climate-smart wheat production for ensuring food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing global population
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