Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an ancient malady, which is one of the world’s most wide spread infectious bacterial agents. Fully one-third of the world’s population is already infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the greatest burden of disease and infection borne by people in developing countries. Tuberculosis disease is still out of control. Alarming spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and emergence of drug resistance is now further complicating the major problem. HIV not only makes the diagnosis of TB more difficult; it contributes to an increase in TB incidence. The rate of breakdown to clinical TB in individuals infected both with HIV and tuberculosis is many times higher than in those without HIV. The present vaccine is not sufficient to reduce the death rate by eradicating TB with HIV/AIDS. The present review is based on the prevention and treatment of TB patient and co-infected with HIV/AIDS and effect of HIV/AIDS on the treatment and prevention of TB. It will help assuming idea about future steps in prevention and treatment of TB among HIV/AIDS patients.
Highlights
Tuberculosis is an increasing and major worldwide problem, especially in Africa where AIDS facilitates the spread
The only exception is that thiacetazone is not recommended for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive TB patients because it may increase the risk of severe and sometimes fatal skin reactions; Short-course treatment hastens cure and prolongs survival in HIV-infected persons[22]
HIV testing is recommended for and should be offered to all patients with newly diagnosed TB
Summary
Tuberculosis is an increasing and major worldwide problem, especially in Africa where AIDS facilitates the spread. Sputum smear examination remains an essential component in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in countries where HIV infection is common because of its ability to identify infectious cases.
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