Consecutive Heat Treatment of Pre-lathed Pebble Fuel Elements for HTGR

Abstract

In current manufacture process of pebble fuel elements for HTGR, the green pebbles were first carbonized, then lathed and purified at high temperature. The whole heat treatment process included two cycles of heating and cooling and corresponding two loading and unloading processes, which took approximately 90 hours in total. In order to reduce the time and energy consumed and improve the efficiency during the heat treatment process, a consecutive heat treatment process of pebble fuel elements for HTGR was established. In the newly established consecutive heat treatment process, the pebble fuel elements were carbonized and high temperature purified continuously in a specific furnace. The consecutive heat treatment process took less than 60 hours, which included only one cycle of heating and cooling and corresponding one loading and unloading process. Moreover, in order to recycle the matrix graphite powder after lathing, the green pebbles were machined to a certain size before suffering the heat treatment. However, in order to make the size of pebble fuel elements after the consecutive heat treatment meet the technical requirements, it is necessary to figure out their dimension changes during the heat treatment. As the pebbles were prepared by cold quasi-isostatic molding method, their dimension changes parallel and perpendicular to the molding direction were different. In order to better control the dimension changes of pebbles in the heat treatment process, the effects of physical properties such as apparent density, and particle size distribution of matrix graphite powder on the prepared pebbles were comparatively studied. Finally, the consecutive heat treatment of pre-lathed pebble fuel elements for HTGR was established. The comprehensive properties of pebbles prepared with the newly established consecutive heat treatment process satisfied all the technical requirements.