Conscience Wars in the Americas

Abstract

Across the globe, public and private actors are now invoking conscience as a ground for objecting to laws or judicial decisions that confer on citizens reproductive and LGBT rights. Conscience claims in culture-war conflicts over reproduction and sexuality differ from paradigmatic religious accommodation claims, where an individual from a minority faith seeks to engage in ritual observance or religiously-motivated dress that runs afoul of generally applicable laws. Accommodation of culture-war conscience claims may inflict significant harms on other citizens and impose older, traditional views on citizens whose rights the law only recently has come to protect. Our intervention is practical and critical. We offer guidance on accommodation, showing how government might promote pluralism by accommodating objectors while protecting citizens who may be affected. We suggest that when government accommodates conscience in a framework that does not preserve the other citizens’ rights, government may be employing accommodation to create a de facto public order favoring objectors’ beliefs.