Consanguinity and its socio-biological parameters in Rahim Yar Khan District, Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Hafiza Fizzah Riaz,Shaheen Mannan,Sajid Malik

doi:10.1186/s41043-016-0049-x

Hafiza Fizzah Riaz, Shaheen Mannan + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0049-x

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Abstract

BackgroundRahim Yar Khan (RYK) District is a multi-ethnic assemblage of both ancient and migrated communities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. There is a paucity of knowledge on the bio-demographic structure of this endogamous population.MethodsWe have carried out a cross-sectional epidemiological study in RYK District and recruited 2174 random Muslim married females. Detailed account of marital union types, level of consanguinity, and subject’s fertility, was taken.ResultsThe analyses of these data revealed that consanguineous unions (CU) were 58.46 %, rendering an inbreeding coefficient (IC-F) = 0.0355. The CU were observed to be significantly higher in subjects originating from rural areas, speaking Saraiki language, illiterate or having a religious/Madarsa education only, and belonging to nuclear family type. The rate of consanguinity was also higher in subjects whose husbands were engaged in unskilled manual or skilled manual jobs, and had consanguinity in the parental generation. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that variables like Saraiki language, illiteracy, reciprocal marriages, and parental consanguinity, were the significant predictors of CU in the subject. Among the first cousin unions (which constituted 52 % of all marriages), parallel-cousin and patrilineal unions were in the majority (54 and 57 %, respectively), and father’s brother’s daughter type had the highest representation (31 %). The analyses further demonstrated that fertility and mean live-births were significantly higher in women who had CU compared to the non-consanguineous (NCU) group (p < 0.006); and significantly higher number of sons per women were born to the mothers who had CU compared with the NCU sample (p = 0.0002). However, there were no differences in the CU and NCU samples with respect to pre- or post-natal mortalities and child morbidities.ConclusionsThe scientific findings in RYK District are distinct from the observations in other Pakistani populations and clue to a unique nature of this population. This study presents a comprehensive account of consanguinity and IC-F in RYK District and would be helpful in getting an insight into the structure of this population.

Highlights

Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) District is a multi-ethnic assemblage of both ancient and migrated communities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Significantly higher number of sons per women were born to the mothers who had consanguineous unions (CU) compared with the NCU sample (p = 0.0002); there were no differences in the number of live-born daughters between the mothers with CU and the mothers with NCU (Table 6; Fig. 2)
We report consanguinity and its associated variables in the population of RYK which is a remote District in Bivariate logistic regression OR

Summary

Introduction

Rahim Yar Khan (RYK) District is a multi-ethnic assemblage of both ancient and migrated communities in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. There is a paucity of knowledge on the bio-demographic structure of this endogamous population. Understanding the pattern of consanguinity is helpful in getting an insight into the socio-biological structure of populations, but is pertinent to the health and disease variables of the populations [1] Lately, the applications of autozygosity mapping in the identification of genes for rare recessive. High rate of consanguinity has been observed to be associated with low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, and rural residence [4, 5]. The pattern of specific types of CU and their associated variables, differ in different populations across the globe. Riaz et al Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition (2016) 35:14 shown that there was a significant excess of congenital anomalies in the offspring of the consanguineous couples. Reproductive losses (i.e., neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, less than 5 years, and prereproductive mortalities) have been observed to be remarkably higher in the consanguineous communities compared to the non-consanguineous counterparts [1, 3, 6]

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