Abstract
AbstractThough they can be traced back to different roots, both smart design and smart systems have to do with the recent developments of artificial intelligence. There are two major questions related to them: (i) What way are smart design and smart systems enabled by artificial narrow, general, or super intelligence? and (ii) How can smart design be used in the realization of smart systems? and How can smart systems contribute to smart designing? A difficulty is that there are no exact definitions for these novel concepts in the literature. The endeavor to analyze the current situation and to answer the above questions stimulated an exploratory research whose first findings are summarized in this paper. Its first part elaborates on a plausible interpretation of the concept of smartness and provides an overview of the characteristics of smart design as a creative problem solving methodology supported by artificial intelligence. The second part exposes the paradigmatic features and system engineering issues of smart systems, which are equipped with application-specific synthetic system knowledge and reasoning mechanisms. The third part presents and elaborates on a conceptual model of AI-based couplings of smart design and smart systems. The couplings may manifest in various concrete forms in real life that are referred to as “connectors” in this paper. The principal types of connectors are exemplified and discussed. It has been found that smart design tends to manifest as a methodology of blue-printing smart systems and that smart systems will be intellectualized the enablers of implementation of smart design. Understanding the affordances of and creating proper connectors between smart design and smart systems need further explorative research.
Highlights
The word “smart” is included twice in the title
Smartness can be associated with all forms of value propositions, but it will have a different flavor in each case
What does smart design have to do with smart systems and what do smart systems have to do with smart design? What is smart design of smart systems? What does connect them? These questions will be addressed in the rest of this paper
Summary
The word “smart” is included twice in the title. Interestingly, the meanings of this word in the two contexts are somewhat different. The starting point of our discussion can be that, in human behavioral context, “smart” means (i) behaving with above-average logical reasoning skills, (ii) successfully applying them to solve technical, scientific, social, economic, and political problems, and (iii) having pragmatic, emotional, and ethical concerns. It is assumed that system smartness means that the access and extraction of information and knowledge for/by IESs is not static and that they may exhibit evolving problem solving capabilities. This is where artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) comes to the scene (Alippi and Ozawa, 2019). What does smart design have to do with smart systems and what do smart systems have to do with smart design? What is smart design of smart systems? What does connect them? These questions will be addressed in the rest of this paper
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