Connectome-based prediction of craving for gaming in internet gaming disorder.

Abstract

Craving-related brain responses have been associated with the emergence and maintenance of addictions. However, little is known about brain network organizations underlying cravings in internet gaming disorder (IGD). Sixty-six IGD subjects and 61 matched individuals with recreational game use (RGU) were scanned while performing a cue-craving task. A recently developed whole-brain analysis approach, connectome-based predictive modelling (CPM) with leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to identify networks that predicted craving responses in IGD. Then, the craving network was tested in different brain states (cue-craving under deprivation) to investigate replicability. CPM identified an IGD craving network, as indicated by a significant correspondence between predicted and actual craving values (r=0.49, p<0.001), characterized by within-network default mode (DMN) connectivity and connectivity between canonical networks implicated in executive/cognitive control (frontoparietal, medial frontal, DMN) and reward responsiveness (subcortical, motor/sensory). Network strength in the cue-craving task during gaming deprivation also predicted IGD craving scores (r=0.43, p=0.017), indicating network replication across brain states. The CPM results demonstrate that individual differences in cognitive, attention, and control network function can predict craving intensities in IGD subjects. These networks may be targets for potential interventions using brain modulation.