Abstract
In traditional underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), it is difficult to establish reliable communication links as the acoustic wave experiences severe multipath effect, channel fading, and ambient noise. Recently, with the assistance of magnetic induction (MI) technique, cooperative multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) is utilized in UWSNs to enable the reliable long range underwater communication. Compared with the acoustic-based UWSNs, the UWSNs adopting MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO are referred to as heterogeneous UWSNs, which are able to significantly improve the effective cover space and network throughput. Due to the complex channel characteristics and the heterogeneous architecture, the connectivity of underwater MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks is much more complicated than that of acoustic-based UWSNs. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to analyze the connectivity of the networks, which considers the effects of channel characteristics, system parameters, and synchronization errors. The lower and upper bounds of the connectivity probability are also derived, which provide guidelines for the design and deployment of underwater MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks. Monte Carlo simulations were performed, and the results validate the accuracy of the proposed model.
Highlights
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been applied in various oceanography missions such as underwater pollution detection, offshore oil extraction, and surveillance where human operation is impossible [1,2,3,4,5]
We focus on the system level performance of underwater magnetic induction (MI)-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks in terms connectivity and analyze the impact of clock synchronization on connectivity
The networks are supposed to be deployed in the bounded three-dimensional space R3. In this underwater MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks, the clusters are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process and the nodes in a cluster are distributed according to another homogeneous Poisson point process
Summary
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been applied in various oceanography missions such as underwater pollution detection, offshore oil extraction, and surveillance where human operation is impossible [1,2,3,4,5]. The virtual antenna array composed of multiple devices in cooperative MIMO relies on wireless communication among the sensor nodes It requires that all the participating nodes share the same transmitted signals and carrier frequency, and they have accurate synchronous clocks. We focus on the system level performance of underwater MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks in terms connectivity and analyze the impact of clock synchronization on connectivity. Besides the complex channel characteristics, the heterogeneous architecture of MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks poses a great challenge for connectivity analysis. The networks are supposed to be deployed in the bounded three-dimensional space R3 In this underwater MI-assisted acoustic cooperative MIMO networks, the clusters are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process and the nodes in a cluster are distributed according to another homogeneous Poisson point process.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
