Connectivity of the EU’s Eastern Partnership region: contestation between liberal and illiberal approaches

Abstract

ABSTRACT Contemporary societies are closely interconnected by transnational networks and flows (of people, goods, energy, information, money), which is a source of both opportunities and vulnerabilities. Connections and networks thrive in a liberal, norms-based environment. However, they are also imbued with power politics and geopolitical rivalry over who controls vital connections. The direction, density and quality of the connections of states to their external environment have important implications for their international position, security, and welfare. It is thus highly relevant that connectivity has been singled out as one of the key priorities of the Eastern Partnership (EaP). The article explores how the EU has developed connectivity with EaP countries, given the growing contestation between liberal and illiberal approaches to connectivity in the region. It discusses the linkages of connectivity to power, security, and resilience. It looks at examples in particular in the case of Ukraine and seeks to assess their implications for Ukraine’s security and geopolitical position, and hence for European security more broadly. It argues that, in order to improve Ukraine’s resilience and reduce vulnerability, it is important to connect the country better to European infrastructure and strengthen physical links such as roads, energy connections, and flows of trade.