Connectivity analysis of 2D underwater optical wireless sensor networks using a geometric approach

Abstract

This paper analyzes the connectivity of two-dimensional (2D) underwater optical wireless sensor networks in which similar nodes with a certain range and coverage angle, and a homogeneous Poisson point surface distribution are used. In the analyses of this paper, nodes are first classified into two categories: nodes located in the inner area and nodes located in the border strip, and then the analysis of their connectivity is presented separately. By combining the mentioned analyses, we achieve closed-form formulas with high accuracy to calculate the probability of connectivity (from orders 1 and 2). Our analysis provides the possibility of predicting the average probability of network connectivity as a function of the number, communication range, and coverage angle of the optical nodes. By comparing the numerical evaluations of our connectivity analyses (for different coverage angles, numbers of nodes, and communication ranges) with the results obtained by computer simulations as benchmarks, we show that our analyses formulate the connectivity much better than the previous studies.