Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). During the differentiation and development of MDSCs from myeloid progenitor cells, their functions are also affected by a series of regulatory factors in the TME, such as metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic modification, and cell signaling pathways. Additionally, there is a crosstalk between these regulatory factors. This review mainly introduces the metabolism (especially glucose metabolism) and significant epigenetic modification of MDSCs in the TME, and briefly introduces the connections between metabolism and epigenetic modification in MDSCs, in order to determine the further impact on the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs, so as to serve as a more effective target for tumor therapy.
Highlights
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of inhibitory cells derived from bone marrow
This suggests that the regulation of gene expression in these MDSC subpopulations is regulated through different epigenetic mechanisms, and the activation of some cell pathways may be realized through epigenetic modifications [84]
Since MDSCs and cancer cells are in the same environment, they have many similar metabolic characteristics, such as aerobic glycolysis, tolerance to high lactate, and glutamine dependence
Summary
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of inhibitory cells derived from bone marrow. MDSCs mainly consist of two subsets of mononuclear-MDSCs (M-MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear-MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) ( known as granulocyte-MDSCs (G-MDSCs)) [3] They are characterized by their immature state and the ability to suppress the immune response. In the TME, cancer cells secrete a variety of molecules involved in the aggregation and recruitment of immature bone marrow cells. These molecules include GM-CSF, M-CSF, TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, PGE2, COX2, S100A9, S100A8, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 [2,10]. There is increasing evidence that the TME alters myeloid cells by transforming them into powerful immunosuppressive cells [2] The mechanism of this has not been thoroughly studied. An increasing amount of studies have found that these different mechanisms affect the function of MDSCs by affecting their metabolism to a large extent
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