Abstract
We investigate the possibility of unifying the inflation and dark matter physics in the minimal model for a complex scalar dark matter with gauged Z3 symmetry. The dark local U(1) symmetry is broken spontaneously into the Z3 symmetry by the dark Higgs mechanism. As compared to dark matter models with Z2 parity, the dark matter cubic self-interaction restricts the inflation with non-minimal couplings to take place beyond the pure dark matter direction and plays an important role in the loop corrections for the inflationary predictions as well as determining the correct dark matter relic density. Considering either of 2 → 2, 3 → 2 or forbidden channels to be a dominant production mechanism for dark matter, we show the viable parameter space of the model that is consistent with the theoretical and phenomenological constraints combined from inflation and dark matter.
Highlights
We investigate the possibility of unifying the inflation and dark matter physics in the minimal model for a complex scalar dark matter with gauged Z3 symmetry
Various candidates for dark matter are based on the Z2 symmetry for guaranteeing the stability of dark matter and their production mechanism rely on the freeze-out processes in the so-called Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) paradigm
Inclusion of discrete symmetries beyond the Z2 symmetry leads to interesting and new avenues for dark matter physics, such as 2 → 2 and 3 → 2 semi-annihilation processes for the freezeout. In the latter case, the freeze-out process would require dark matter to have large self-interactions but small couplings to the SM. This possibility, so-called Strongly Interacting Massive Particles (SIMPs) paradigm [13–16] has been realized in a simple extension with gauged Z3 symmetry [17, 18], where there are a lot of interesting signatures at intensity beam experiments and astrophysical observations of galaxy rotation curves and cluster collisions
Summary
We consider an extension of the SM with a local dark U(1)X, including one complex scalar φ for dark Higgs mechanism and one complex scalar χ for dark matter. The Lagrangian of our model [18] is given by. We consider the complex scalar χ as a dark matter candidate, having a charge qχ = 1 under the dark U(1)X symmetry. Another field√φ, which has a charge qφ = 3, takes a vacuum expectation value (VEV) by φ = vφ/ 2, and being responsible for the spontaneous symmetry breaking of U(1)X into Z3. The U(1)X gauge boson receives mass, mZ = 3gX vφ, and the dark Higgs mass becomes, mh = 2λφ vφ, in the limit of a vanishing λφH ; see ref. We note that when the dark Higgs φ carries qφ = +5, the U(1)X gauge symmetry is broken down to Z5, for which single or multi-component dark matter scenarios were discussed [30]
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