Connected Vehicles: V2V and V2I Road Weather and Traffic Communication Using Cellular Technologies.

Marcos Katz,Pekka Leviäkangas,Muhammad Naeem Tahir

doi:10.3390/s22031142

Abstract

There is a continuous need to design and develop wireless technologies to meet the increasing demands for high-speed wireless data transfer to incorporate advanced intelligent transport systems. Different wireless technologies are continuously evolving including short-range and long-range (WiMAX, LTE, and 5G) cellular standards. These emerging technologies can considerably enhance the operational performance of communication between vehicles and road-side infrastructure. This paper analyzes the performance of cellular-based long-term evolution (LTE) and 5GTN (5G Test Network) in pilot field measurements (i.e., vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure) when delivering road weather and traffic information in real-time environments. Measurements were conducted on a test track operated and owned by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland. The results showed that 5GTN outperformed LTE when exchanging road weather and traffic data messages in V2V and V2I scenarios. This comparison was made by mainly considering bandwidth, throughput, packet loss, and latency. The safety critical messages were transmitted at a transmission frequency of 10 Hz. The performance of both compared technologies (i.e., LTE and 5GTN) fulfilled the minimum requirements of the ITS-Assisted Road weather and traffic platform to offer reliable communication for enhanced road traffic safety. The field measurement results also illustrate the advantage of cellular networks (LTE and 5GTN) with a clear potential to use it heterogeneously in future field tests with short-range protocols, e.g., IEEE 802.11p.

Highlights

The term intelligent transport system (ITS) is used to demonstrate the design and deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the domain of transportation
This paper focused on the technological and operational attributes of long-term evolution (LTE) and 5th Generation (5G) that are critical for cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) services using road weather and friction data
The use of cellular technologies together with short-range protocols would offer improved load balancing during V2V and V2I, attaining low latency with less packet loss (%) in a high-density vehicular network

Summary

Introduction

The term intelligent transport system (ITS) is used to demonstrate the design and deployment of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the domain of transportation. ITS offers numerous solutions for road transport by exploiting road weather and traffic data with different communications technologies. ITS is deployed to improve road traffic safety as well as improve traffic efficiency and reduce ecological impact [1]. A cooperative communication system is one of the key technologies in the framework of ITS. The term “cooperative” signals the collaboration between vehicles and transport infrastructure by using wireless networks. There are four types of communication in a cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS), namely, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) [2]

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