Abstract
The electrical state of the surface atmosphere changes significantly under the influence of cloudiness and atmospheric phenomena, including atmospheric precipitation. These features can be used for possible diagnostics of precipitation and improvement of their characteristics based on variations of atmospheric-electrical quantities in the surface layer. Studies of variations of meteorological and atmospheric-electrical quantities in the surface layer were carried out during the heavy rainfall associated with the cumulonimbus (Cb) clouds passage. Meteorological and atmospheric-electrical observations in the Geophysical Observatory of the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems are presented in this paper. Precipitation data are used to identify periods of heavy rainfall ≥ 5 mm/h. Information of weather stations and satellites is used to separate the heavy rainfall events by synoptic conditions like thunderstorms and showers of frontal or internal air masses. We find that rains associated with the frontal Cb clouds produce more abrupt changes in negative electrical conductivity in comparison with the Cb clouds in internal air masses. The significant increase in negative electrical conductivity (more than two times vs. normal values) occurs typically during the passage of frontal Cb and heavy rain with droplet size greater than 4 mm.
Highlights
The hazardous weather phenomena pose a threat to human beings and their economic activity, and they have a major environmental impact
Only cases with rain showers for 2018–2019 were chosen from meteorological observations and the results from the precipitation measurements obtained at the GO IMCES
This study of atmospheric-electrical variations in the surface atmosphere associated with the Cb
Summary
The hazardous weather phenomena pose a threat to human beings and their economic activity, and they have a major environmental impact. Intense and prolonged precipitation is one of the severe events, which is becoming an increasingly detrimental factor for natural systems and society. The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation may have substantial variability, even within relatively homogeneous physical and geographical areas. Monitoring of storm rainfall on the meso-β scale in Western Siberia is carried out primarily by observations at the Roshydromet weather stations network. Such collected data cannot provide detailed spatial and temporal distribution as well as identify the most likely areas for severe storm rainfall or evaluate the relationship with changes in atmospheric electrical parameters and meteorological values, in small-scale convective processes.
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