Conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis in the children: the clinical characteristic and modern approaches to the treatment

Abstract

Conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis are the most frequent eye diseases in the children, especially in those of the early age. The approaches to its treatment are characterized by a number of peculiarities. Conjunctivitis is most often treated with the use of local medications (including antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-allergic preparations) depending on the etiology of the disease. The modern strategy of antibacterial therapy of conjunctivitis is based on the application of the new antibiotic agents of the quinolone class to which only a small number of the strains of microorganisms exhibit resistance. To enhance the action of such pharmaceutical products, their accelerated administration is required together with the use of long-acting eye medicines and medications possessed of the combined action. The principal treatment modality for the management of dacryocystitis is the surgical restoration of the patency of the lacrimal drainage system by the probing of the lacrimal ducts in the combination with the local antibiotic treatment for the elimination of the inflammatory process in the lacrimal sac and sanation of the entire lacrimal drainage system. The local antibacterial therapy should be prescribed taking into consideration the shifts in the epidemiological spectrum of the bacterial ophthalmic infections in the children that have been documented during the recent years, in the first place the rise in the occurrence of resistant strains associated with the tendency toward the prevalence of the Gram-negative pathogens.