Conjunctival hyperresponsiveness to ocular histamaine challenge in patients with vernal conjunctivitis

Abstract

We compared the conjunctival responsiveness to histamine diphosphate in patients with vernal conjunctivitis and in healthy control subjects. Fourteen asymptomatic patients with vernal conjunctivitis and 10 healthy volunteers were challenged in one eye with 10 microliters of increasing doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml in phosphate-buffered saline) of histamine diphosphate. The contralateral eye was challenged with the diluent only. Photographs of each eye were taken for evaluation of conjunctival redness by two masked investigators. Both patients with vernal conjunctivitis and control subjects reacted to histamine with a dose-dependent conjunctival redness 2 to 5 minutes after ocular challenge. Conjunctival redness was more intense in patients with vernal conjunctivitis than in control subjects after ocular challenge with 0.01 and 0.05 mg/ml of histamine diphosphate solution (p less than 0.05). Moreover, the threshold concentration of histamine diphosphate, extrapolated from each individual dose-response curve, was significantly (p less than 0.02) lower in patients with vernal conjunctivitis than in control subjects. Our findings suggest that patients with vernal conjunctivitis demonstrate conjunctival hyperresponsiveness to a nonspecific challenging agent. Nonspecific conjunctival hyperreactivity, a novel concept in allergic eye disease, may be relevant for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical variability of vernal conjunctivitis.