Conjugated Polymers: Evaluating DFT Methods for More Accurate Orbital Energy Modeling

Abstract

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are useful to model orbital energies of conjugated polymers, yet discrepancy between theory and experiment exist. Here we evaluate a series of relatively straightforward calculation methods using the standard Gaussian 09 software package. Five calculations were performed on 22 different conjugated polymer model compounds at the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP levels of theory and results compared with experiment. Chain length saturation occurs at approximately 6 and 4 repeat units for homo- and donor–acceptor type conjugated polymers, respectively. The frontier orbital energies are better approximated using B3LYP than CAM-B3LYP, and the HOMO energy can be reasonably correlated with experiment [mean signed error (MSE) = 0.22 eV]. The LUMO energies, however are poorly correlated (MSE = 0.59 eV), and we show that the molecular orbital energy of the triplet state gives a much better estimate of the experimentally determined LUMO level (MSE = −0.13 eV).