Abstract
The polyol method has been used to synthesize CoNiFe and CoNiZn alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The magnetic characteristics of the products have been measured by vibration sample magnetometry (VSM) analysis. At the same time, the microstructure and morphology were inspected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Magnetic measurement of samples by the VSM indicated that samples have soft ferromagnetic behavior. Spherical-shaped grains for samples were confirmed by the SEM. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to determine the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized NPs. Cytotoxic evaluations showed that treatment with 25 to 400 µg/mL of CoNiZn and CoNiFe NPs exerted a significant time- and concentration-dependent toxicity in MCF7 and HUVEC cells and markedly enhanced the LDH leakage after 48 h of exposure (p < 0.05 compared with untreated cells). Furthermore, NPs with concentrations higher than 12.5 µg/mL induced evident morphological changes in the studied cell lines. Treatment with 12.5 µg/mL of CoNiZn and CoNiFe NPs was safe and did not affect normal human cell survival. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity assessments show promise in supporting the suitability of the synthesized NPs to build high-performance theranostic nanoplatforms for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy without affecting normal human cells.
Highlights
Cancer is the deadliest disease in the world and is responsible for endangering human survival
All the chemicals used for NP synthesis, i.e., NiCl2 ·6H2 O, Co(CH3 COO)2 ·4H2 O, Zn(CH3 COO)2 ·4H2 O, FeCl2 ·4H2 O, and propylene glycol (PG), were of high purity analytical grade purchased from Merck and used as the received without further purification
Based on MTT results, we found that exposure of normal human cells to 12.5 μg/mL of CoNiZn and CoNiFe NPs did not induce any significant cytotoxicity
Summary
Cancer is the deadliest disease in the world and is responsible for endangering human survival. High cost for treatment, and poor theranostics, it causes around ∼70% mortality in developing and under-developed countries [1]. Theranostics is considered a concept of integrating cancer therapy and imaging into a unique platform to overcome the obstacles in modern healthcare [2]. The diagnostic aspect of theranostics is mainly focused on imaging mechanisms by the use of various contrast agents. NPs for their use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3]. Nanomaterials have shown great promise in facilitating the treatment of a variety of diseases [4] and have been applied in the field of oncology in the same way as in other branches of biomedical nanotechnology. Careful design and tailoring of the production process are necessary to control the size and shape of nanomaterials in order to modulate their properties, avoid toxicity, and achieve high cost-effectiveness as well as ease of synthesis [5]
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