Abstract

Conidial surface proteins at the interface of fungal infections.

Highlights

  • Introduction to sporesThey are all around us Spores are small, usually unicellular reproductive units produced to propagate genetic material by prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including algae and protozoa, lower vascular plants, and even a subset of animals [1]

  • In the lower vascular plants like ferns and some mosses, unicellular spores located underneath the leaves of nonflowering plants, similar to multicellular seeds in fruits or flowers, transfer genetic material to the generation and often into new environments [3]

  • We have already learned that surface proteins often contribute to adherence, stress resistance, and immune evasion, so it is perhaps not surprising that there are many cases in which conidial proteins directly influence the outcome of infection

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Summary

OPEN ACCESS

Introduction to spores—They are all around us Spores are small, usually unicellular reproductive units produced to propagate genetic material by prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including algae and protozoa, lower vascular plants, and even a subset of animals [1]. The unicellular slime molds and fungi produce spores during their life cycle or in response to environmental stress [4, 5]. Fungi produce a huge diversity of spores as part of their life cycle for propagation, in response to stress, and for niche establishment. These spores help define the fungi, and spores are typically named after the reproductive structure that produces them, with spores formed by sexual reproduction named “ascospores” in the Ascomycota or “basidiospores” in the Basidiomycota, for example.

Conidial hydrophobins aid in dispersal and contribute to immune evasion
Conidial surface proteins mediate adherence to hosts
Surface proteins contribute to virulence
Surface proteins have potential biomedical and industrial applications
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