Abstract
We present a combined near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system for the study of animal model tumors. A combined broadband steady-state and frequency domain optical spectroscopy apparatus was integrated with the MRI. The physiological properties of tissue rendered by MRI, including vascular volume fraction and water, were compared with chromophore concentrations as determined from the parameters obtained by optical measurements. DOS measurements provided oxy-hemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, and water concentration locally in tumors. A method for co-registration of the information obtained by both modalities was developed. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the optically sampled volume was superimposed on the MR images, illustrating which tissue structure was probed optically. Finally, two optical contrast agents, indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB), were employed and their kinetics were measured by DOS system from different locations on the tumor and compared with Gd-DTPA enhancement maps obtained from MRI.
Highlights
Modern image acquisition technology provides a multitude of non-invasive windows into the body
A combined system consisting of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) has the potential to enhance our understanding of the complex biological processes associated with tumor progression and response therapy
Indocyanine green (ICG) and methylene blue (MB), were employed and their kinetics were measured by DOS system from different locations on the tumor and compared with Gd-DTPA enhancement kinetics obtained from MRI
Summary
Modern image acquisition technology provides a multitude of non-invasive windows into the body. It allows us to view anatomical structures, such as visualizing bones, organs, and tumors in the body, and provides the visualization of physiological, cellular, or molecular processes in living tissue as they take place in near-real time. There has been a great deal of interest in further improving the in vivo characterization of tumors by interrogating tissues with multiple simultaneous measurement techniques that provide complementary information about the state of the sample under investigation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) are two techniques that, when combined, provide complementary structural and functional information. MRI can be used to obtain detailed structural and metabolic information regarding tumors. DOS can provide local quantitative information regarding tumor composition and metabolism. A combined system consisting of MRI and DOS has the potential to enhance our understanding of the complex biological processes associated with tumor progression and response therapy
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