Abstract
This study aims at evaluating the congestion level of pedestrians in metro stations. Twelve hours (4 h × three facilities) of video data were collected in the channel, stairway, and platform in a metro station in the city of Ningbo, China. The indicator of GPC (grade of pedestrian crowd) was proposed to quantify the congestion level of pedestrians. Four levels of congestion (level I, level II, level III, and level IV) were determined based on the GPC. A normal-cloud (NC) model was proposed and calibrated for the evaluation of three facilities including channel, stairway, and platform. The evaluation results showed that the GPC of L1-L2 and L2-L1 in channel are level II and level I, respectively. The GPC of upward and downward of stairway are level III and level I. The GPC of platform is level IV. Crowd management countermeasures were proposed for the management of pedestrians in metro station.
Highlights
Metro stations are important infrastructure in the urban rail transit system because they are the distribution hubs for transferring passengers on/off board [1]
The average value of all weekdays, which are used as evaluation indicators in the following analysis, for each facility were calculated, which were (a) passenger-occupied space the following analysis, for each facility were calculated, which were (a) passenger-occupied space (m2 /ped), coded as P1; (b) average walking speed (m/min), coded as P2; (c) passenger flow in unit (m2/ped), coded as P1; (b) average walking speed (m/min), coded as P2; (c) passenger flow in unit width (ped/(min·m)), coded as P3; and (d) average passenger gap (m), coded as P4
The NC model currently provides the best solutions to many problems in effectiveness evaluation, decision making, risk assessment, and condition assessment of bridges [41,42]
Summary
Metro stations are important infrastructure in the urban rail transit system because they are the distribution hubs for transferring passengers on/off board [1]. The contradiction in demand and capacity of the rail transit facility has become increasingly prominent with the rapid growth of passenger flow, highly concentrated in space and time. In China, by 2018, the total rail transit passenger reached 21.07 billion, which was 2.59 billion more than that in 2017, a 14% increase from last year [2]. The rail transit corporations, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, have put forward restrictive measures on the rapid expansion of the passenger flow [3]. The metro stations are featured with closed space, complex facilities, short-term clustering, and uneven distribution of passenger flow. A better understanding of the pedestrian congestion level would be beneficial to pedestrian flow management and control in metro stations
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